Adogcaresdeeply,whichwayyourbodyisleaning.Forwardorbackward?Forwardcanbeseenasaggressive;backward—evenaquarterofaninch—meansnonthreatening.Itmeansyou’verelinquishedwhatethologistscallan“intentionmovement”toproceedforward.Cookyourhead,evenslightly,totheside,andadogisdisarmed.Lookathimstraightonandhe’llreadislikearedflag.Standingstraight,withyourshoulderssquaredratherthatslumped,canmeanthedifferencebetweenwhetheryourdogobeysacommandorignoresit.Breathingevenlyanddeeply,ratherthanholdingyourbreathcanmeanthedifferencebetweendefusingatensesituationandignitingit.“Ithinktheyarelookingatoureyesandwhereoureyeslooklike,”theethologistPatriciaMcConnell,whoteachesattheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison,says,“Aroundedeyewithadilatedpupilisasignofhigharousalandaggressioninadog.Ibelievetheypayatremendousamountofattentiontohowrelaxedourfaceisandhowrelaxedourfacialmusclesare,becausethat’sbigcueforthemwitheachother.Isthejawrelaxed?Isthemouthslightlyopen?Andthenthearms.Theypayatremendousamountofattentiontowhereourarmsgo.” Inthebook?TheOtherEndoftheLeash,?McConnelldecodesoneofthemostcommonofallhuman-doginteractions,themeetingbetweentwoleashedanimalsinawalk.Tous,it’saboutonedogsizingupanother.Toher,it’sabouttwodogssizingupeachotherafterfirstsizinguptheirrespectiveowners.Theowners“areoftenanxiousabouthowwellthedogswillgetalong,”shewrites,andifyouwatchtheminsteadofthedogs,you’lloftennoticethatthehumanswillholdtheirbreathandroundtheireyesandmouthsinan“onalert”expression.Sincethesebehaviorsareexpressionsofoffensiveaggressioninacanineculture,Isuspectthehumansareunwittinglysignalingtension.Ifyouexaggeratethisbytighteningtheleash,asmanyownersdo,youcanactuallycausethedogstoattackeachother.Thinkofit:thedogsareinatensesocialencounter,surroundedbysupportfromtheirownpack,withthehumansformingatense,staring,breathlesscirclearoundthem.Idon’tknowhowmanytimesI’veseendogsshifttheireyestowardtheirowner’sfrozenfacesandthenlaunchgrowlingattheotherdog. Adogrespondswhenitseesthefollowingactofitsowner_____.
A.shouts B.hits C.body movement D.foot gesture正确答案C
