Passage1 Inthefieldofpsychology,therehaslongbeenacertainhazinesssurroundingthedefinitionofcreativity,anI-know-it-when-I-see-itattitudethathaseludedapreciseformulation.Duringourconversation,MarkBeeman,acognitiveneuroscientistatNorthwesternUniversity,toldmethatheusedtobereluctanttotellpeoplewhathisareaofstudywas,forfearofbeingdismissedormisunderstood.What,forinstance,crossesyourmindwhenyouthinkofcreativityWell,weknowthatsomeoneiscreativeifheproducesnewthingsorhasnewideas.Andyet,asJohnKounios,apsychologistatDrexelUniversitywhocollaboratesfrequentlywithBeeman,pointsout,thatviewiswrong,oratleastnotentirelyright."Creativityistheprocess,nottheproduct,"hesays. Toillustrate,Beemanoffersanexample.Imaginesomeonewhohasneverusedorseenapaperclipandisstrugglingtokeepabunchofpaperstogether.Thenthepersoncomesupwithanewwayofbendingastiffwiretoholdthepapersinplace."Thatwasverycreative,"Beemansays.Ontheflipside,ifsomeoneworksinanewfield--Beemangivestheexampleofnanotechnology--anythingthatheproducesmaybeconsideredinherently"creative."ButwastheactofproducingitactuallycreativeAsBeemanputit,"Notallartistsarecreative.Andsomeaccountantsareverycreative." Insight,however,hasprovedlessdifficulttodefineandtostudy.Becauseitarrivesataspecificmomentintime,youcanisolateit,examineit,andanalyzeitscharacteristics."Insightisonlyonepartofcreativity,"Beemansays."Butwecanmeasureit.Wehaveatemporalmarkerthatsomethingjusthappenedinthebrain.I′dneversaythat′sallofcreativity,butit′sacentral,identifiablecomponent."Whenscientistsexamineinsightinthelab,theyarelookingatwhattypesofattentionandthoughtprocessesleadtothatmomentofsynthesis:Ifyouaretryingtofacilitateabreakthrough,aretheremethodsyoucanusethathelpIfyoufeelstuckonaproblem,aretheretrickstogetyouthrough Inarecentstudy,BeemanandKouniosfollowedpeople′sgazesastheyattemptedtosolvewhat′scalledtheremote-associatestest,inwhichthesubjectisgivenaseriesofwords,like"pine,""crab,"and"sauce,"andhastothinkofasinglewordthatcanlogicallybepairedwithallofthem. Theywantedtoseeifthedirectionofaperson′seyesandherrateofblinkingcouldshedlightonherapproachandonherlikelihoodofsuccess.Itturnedoutthatifthesubjectlookeddirectlyatawordandfocusedonit--thatis,blinkedlessfrequently,signalingahigherdegreeofcloseattention--shewasmorelikelytobethinkinginananalytical,convergentfashion,goingthroughpossibilitiesthatmadesenseandsystematicallydiscardingthosethatdidn′t.Ifshelookedat"pine,"say,shemightbethinkingofwordslike"tree,""cone,"and"needle,"thentestingeachoptiontoseeifitfitwiththeotherwords.Whenthesubjectstoppedlookingatanyspecificword,eitherbymovinghereyesorbyblinking,shewasmorelikelytothinkofbroader,moreabstractassociations. Thatisamoreinsight-orientedapproach."Youneedtolearnnotjusttostarebuttolookoutsideyourfocus,"Beemansays.(Thesolutiontothisremote-associatestest:"apple.") Asitturnsout,bysimplefollowingsomeone′seyesandmeasuringherblinksandfixationtimes,Beeman′sgroupcanpredicthowsomeonewilllikelysolveaproblemandwhensheisnearingthatsolution.That′sanimportantconsiderationforwould-becreativeminds:ithelpsusunderstandhowdistinctpatternsofattentionmaycontributetocertainkindsofinsights. Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"haziness"inPARAGRAPHONE
A.Arbitrariness. B.Vagueness. C.Misunderstanding. D.Controversy.正确答案B
