共用题干 I Know Just How You FeelDo you feel sad?Happy?Frustrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Do you think that the way you display these emotions is unique?Well,think again.Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be divided into groups,classified,and perhaps,taught. This week sees the publication of Mind Reading, an interactive DVD displaying every possible human emotion.It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel:the first visual dictionary of the human heart.The attempt to classify expressions began with Darwin.His The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals,published in 1872,divided the emotions into six types一anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surprise and enjoyment.__________(46)Every other feeling,of which there may be thousands,was thought to derive from Darwin's small group.More complex expressions of emotion were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture.But now it is believed that,whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well,many more facial ex-pressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared worldwide.________(47)The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of each of these expressions being acted out.The project was conceived by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen of the autism(孤独症)research centre in Cambridge as an aid for people with autism,who has difficulty both reading and expressing emotions.But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses.Novelists,actors and portrait painters,for example,all need to understand a wide range of emotional expression,and teachers could use it for classes in personal and so- cial development. Baron-Cohen's team first had to decide what counted as an emotion._________( 48) Using this definition,1,5 12 emotion terms were identified and put to a panel who had to decide if each repre- sented a separate emotion,or if they were synonyms.This list was whittled down to 412,arranged in 24 groups from"afraid"to"wanting".Once the emotions were defined and classified,a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to dis- play them.In Mind Reading,each expression is acted out一six times,by six different actors一in three seconds. _________(49)The explanation for this is simple:we may find it difficult to describe emotions usingwords,but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone's face."It was really clear when the actors had got it right,"says Cathy Collis,who directed the DV D."Although the actors were given some direction," says Ms Collis,"they were not told which facial muscles they should move."__________(50)For example, when someone feels contempt,you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American,Professor Paul Ekman,who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion.The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called "action units".These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes.Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion. __________(46)
A.We thought of trying to describe each emotion,but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this. B.These particular muscles are difficult to control,and few people can do it. C.Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read the emotional expressions. D.They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by"I feel","he looks"or" she sounds". E.He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone,from any culture. F.Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions,such as words,would have been far less effective.正确答案E
