Beforearrest.Somecommunitiesareusingmediationandarbitrationcentersforresolvingfamilyandneighborhooddisputes.Forinstance,theCitizensDisputeSettlementProjectinColumbus,Ohio,useslawstudentstodothis.Theprojectiscreditedwithloweringthenumberofminorarrestsandassaultsby22percent.SanFrancisco'sDelanceyStreetFoundationhasaresidentialcenterwheredrugaddictsaresentforcounseling.Erie,Pa.,offerssimilarhelptoinebriates. Beforetrial.Citationsandsummonses,similartotraffictickets,aregivenforcertainmisdemeanors,suchasdisorderlyconduct.Theoffenderisallowedtopayafine,ratherthangotojail.Somecourtsareusingnon-bailreleasewhichreliesonathirdpartyoracourt-appointedsupervisortoensureanaccused'sappearanceattrial. Duringatrial.Somecitiesareusingweekendandnightcourtstohandlethelargenumberofarreststhatoccuroverweekends.Withoutsuchoff-hourcourtsessions,jailsarefrequentlyfilledtocapacityoverweekends.Inplaceofprison,somecommunitiesrequireViolatorstopaycompensationtovictimsinlarceny,burglary,andautotheftcases.Somejudgessentenceminoroffenderstoperformsomekindofcommunityservice.Georgia,whichhandles85percentofitsmisdemeanorsand15percentofitsfelonyconvictionsinthismanner,haslowereditscountyjailpopulationbyadailyaverageof66percent.
逮捕前。有一些社区正在利用调解和仲裁中心,来解决家庭和邻里纠纷。例如,在俄亥俄州歌伦布,市民调解纠纷课题组利用法律系学生从事这项工作。据说,由于实行这项计划,有轻微违法行为而被逮捕的人数和犯有人身伤害罪的人数减少了22%。旧金山德兰西街道基金会在居民区设有一个咨询中心,帮助吸毒者解决问题。宾夕法尼亚州的伊利市也给予酗酒者类似的帮助。 审讯前。法院对某些犯有扰乱治安之类轻微违法行为的人发出传票,就像对违反交通规则的人员发出违章通知单一样。对违法者科以罚金,而不判处监禁。有些法院采取无保释放的办法,依靠第三者或法院指定的监督人保证被告在审讯时出庭。 审讯期间。有些城市采取周末开庭和夜间开庭的办法,来处理周末逮捕的大批人员。如不加班开庭,每到周末,监狱往往人满为患。有些社区在处理小偷小摸破门入室和偷盗汽车案件时,不采用收监服刑的办法,而要求罪犯向受害者赔偿损失。有些法官判处犯有轻微违法行为的人从事某种社区服务。佐治亚州用这种办法判处了85%的轻罪犯人和15%的重罪犯人,使这个州各县监狱的日平均在押人数下降了66%。