Likemostcreaturesonearth,humanscomeequippedwithacircadianclock,aroughly24-hourinternaltimerthatkeepsoursleeppatternsinsyncwithourplanet.Atleastuntilgenetics,ageandourpersonalhabitsgetintheway.Eventhoughtheaverageadultneedseighthoursofsleeppernight,thereare“short-sleepers,”whoneedfarless,andmorningpeople,who,researchshows,oftencomefromfamiliesofothermorningpeople.Thenthere’stherestofus,whorelyonalarmclocks. Forthosewhofantasizeaboutgreetingthedawn,thereishope.Sleepexpertssaythatwithalittlediscipline(well,actually,alotofdiscipline),mostpeoplecanresettheircircadianclocks.Butit’snotassimpleasforcingyourselftogotobedearlier(youcan’tmakeawide-awakebrainsleep).Itrequiresinducingasortofjetlagwithoutleavingyourtimezone.Andstickingitoutuntilyourbodyclockresetsitself.Andthennotresettingitagain. Tostart,moveupyourwake-uptimeby20minutesaday.Ifyouregularlyriseat8a.m.,butreallywanttogetmovingat6a.m.,setthealarmfor7:40onMonday.Thenextday,setitfor7:20andsoon.Then,afteryouwakeup,don’tlingerinbed.Hityourselfwithlight.Intheory,you’llgraduallygetsleepyabout20minutesearliereachnight,andyoucanfacilitatethetransitionbyavoidingextralightexposurefromcomputersortelevisionsasyounearbedtime. Butrecalibratingyourinnerclockrequiresmorecommitmentthanmanypeoplecaretogive.Forsome,it’salmostimpossible.Veryearlyrisersandlongtimenightowlshaveahardtimeeverchanging.Night-shiftworkersalsostrugglebecausetheydon’tgettheenvironmentalandsocialcuesthathelpadjustthecircadianclock.
和地球上大多数生物一样,人类也有生物钟。这个内置计时器大概以24小时为周期,负责调节我们的睡眠模式,使之与地球的节律同步。至少在不受遗传、年龄或个人生活习惯影响的情况下是这样的。普通成年人每晚需要8小时睡眠,但也有“短睡眠者”,他们只需要睡很短的时间。还有自然就会早起的人。研究显示,这样的人,其父母先人往往也能自然早起。除此之外,其他的人要早起就得靠闹钟了。 想要早起迎接黎明,还是有希望的。睡眠专家指出,经过一点训练(嗯,实际上需要很多训练),大多数人能调整自己的生物钟。但这不止是强迫自己早点上床那么简单(大脑很兴奋的时候,也睡不着)。这种训练需要人为制造时差感,但不必为此穿越时区。坚持训练,直到体内的生物钟调整到位,然后保持新的节律。 首先,每天把起床时间提前20分钟。如果一般在早上8点起床,而你希望提前到6点,星期一就把闹钟定在7点40,星期二定在7点20,依此类推。其次,每天醒来后,不赖床,要让自己暴露在光线下。从理论上讲,每天晚上你会比前一天提前20分钟感到睡意。为了增强效果,临睡前应该避免电脑、电视等发出的亮光。 但调整生物钟要下定决心,很多人觉得困难,有些人则根本做不到。起得很早的人和长期熬夜的人都很难改变作息规律。夜班工人改变起来也很吃力,因为他们接收不到调整生物钟所需的环境信号和社会信号。