请认真阅读下列材料，并按要求作答。
请根据上述材料完成下列任务：
(1)简述教师在授课时可以用什么方法吸引学生的注意力。
(2)如指导小学生学习材料，试拟定教学目标。
(3)依据拟定的教学目标，设计导人和操练环节的教学活动并说明理由。
(1)首先，要注意控制音量和语调，不要一直用一种声调进行授课。在讲授重点知识时声音要适当放大，以使学生感知到这一部分知识是重点，从而集中注意力。 其次，可以在学生疲倦的时候安排游戏环节。学生由于年龄小，对游戏都比较感兴趣，所以设置适当的游戏会吸引学生的注意力，调动学生参与课堂的积极性。 最后，如果教师在课堂上发现某名同学注意力不集中，可以适当地让该名学生回答问题，学生起立回答完问题之后注意力也会有很大提升。 总之.教师在教学的过程当中要时刻注意观察学生的注意力和课堂参与度，调动学生的积极性，引导他们认真学习知识。 (2) Teaching Aims Knowledge aim: Students can understand the meaning of the words: living room, bedroom, study, kitchen,bathroom. Ability aim: Students can introduce their houses to others, and their ability of speaking and listening can be improved. Emotional aim: Students can feel the warmth of family and get to love their family members and homes more than before. (3)导入和操练环节 Lead in(导入环节)： Greet with the students and ask them to show their houses' pictures to all of us, ask them some questions about the pictures, like: What's this Ask about some things which they have learned before, like the colors, and the names of the tables, the TVs, the sofas and so on. And ask some of them to introduce their houses to all of us. Then circle the living room and some other rooms and tell them: today, let's learn how to say these rooms in our class. 【设计意图】 在导入环节，让学生通过描述自己家的图片，激发他们的学习兴趣，同时更加便于他们明确本课的教学内容和教学目标。 Practice ( 操练环节 ) : Activity one: Prepare some cards with the words and give the cards to the first students in a row. After telling the words in a loud voice, pass it quickly to the next one, and then change the cards until all of them read all the cards. Activity two: "Simon says" game. Teacher says sentences, students do the action. Teacher says: Go to the living room. Students do the action of watching TV. Teacher says: Go to the study. Students do the action of reading a book. Teacher says: Go to the kitchen. Students do the action of having a snack. Teacher says: Go to the bedroom. Students do the action of taking a nap. Teacher says: Go to the bathroom. Students do the action of taking a shower. 【设计意图】 巩固操练环节安排了两个活动.可以更好地帮助学生巩固本课所学的单词。
