Whenresearchersfirstdiscoveredalinkinthelate1990sbetweenchildhoodadversityandchronichealthproblemlaterinlife,therealrevelationwashowcommonthoseexperienceswereacrossallsocioeconomicgroups.Butthefirstmajorstudytofocusonadversechildhoodexperiences(ACEs)waslimitedtoasinglehealthcaresysteminSanDiego.AstudypublishedinJAMAPediatrics-thelargestnationallyrepresentativestudytodateonACEs一confirmsthattheseexperiencesareuniversal,yethighlightssomedisparitiesamongsocioeconomicgroups. ThecurrentstudyfindsthreeoutoffiveadultsacrosstheU.S.hadatleastoneadverseexperienceintheirchildhood,suchasdivorce,aparent'sdeath,physicaloremotionalabuse,orafamilymember'sincarcerationorsubstanceabuseproblem.Aquarterofadultshaveatleastthreesuchexperiencesinchildhood,whichaccordingtootherresearch-increasetheirriskformostcommonchronicdiseases,fromheartdiseaseandcancertodepressionandsubstanceabuse. "Thisisthefirststudyofthiskindthatalowsustotalkaboutadversechildhoodexperienceasapublichealthprobleminthesamewaywetalkaboutobesityorhypertensionoranyotherhighlyprevalentpopulationriskfactor"saysAdamSchickedanz,anassistantprofessorofpediatricsattheDavidGeffenSchoolofMedicineatUCLA,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch."Upuntilnow,wehaven'treallyhadastudythattakesanationallook. Thestudyresearchers,ledbyCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionresearcherMelissaT.Merrick,analyzeddatafrom214,157adultsin23statesrecently.Theparticipantsanswered11questionsaboutwhetherthey'dexperiencedwhathavenowbecomewellrecognizedasACEs:parentalseparationordivorce,childabuse(physical,emotionalandsexual),domesticviolenceandlivingwithsomeonewhohasbeenincarceratedorhasamentalilnessorasubstanceusedisorder.Nearly62percentofrespondentshadatleastoneACEandaquarterreportedthreeormore.TheremainingrespondentshadatleasttwoACES,including16percentwithfourormoresuchexperiences.ThoseidentifyingasblackorLatinoandthosewithlessthanahighschooleducationoranannualincomebelow$15,000weremorelikelytohavemoreACES.Women,youngeradults,unemployedpeopleandthoseunabletoworkalsotendedtohavemoreACES.ButSchickedantcautionsthat,whilethedisparitiesarereal,it'simportanttorecognizehowcommontheseexperiencesareamongallpeople,includingwhiteandmiddleclassfamilies.”ThisstudyshowsthatACEsaffectpeoplefromallwalksoflifeeverywhere,"hesays. Thisnewstudysuggeststhataneedtotargetpreventionresourceswheretheycanhelpmost,saysJackShonkoff,aprofessorofchildhealthanddevelopmentattheHarvardT. H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth.Thisrequiresidentifyingwhatmakessomepeoplemoresusceptiblethanotherstotheeffectsofadversity,“Nobodyisimmunetoadverseexperiencesinchildhoodbutforsomepopulationgroups,they'realargerburdenofchildhoodadversitythanothers."hesays. Whatisfoundbythefirstmajorstudyonadversechildhoodexperience(ACEs)?
A.ACEs are common across all socioeconomic groups. B.There are some disparities for some population groups. C.ACEs are not directly related to chronic health problems. D.Children are more vulnerable to adverse experiences than adults.正确答案A
