资料：IntheUnitedStatesofAmerica,banksarecategorizedintothefederally-charteredbankwhichreceivedtheircharterfromtheOfficeoftheComptrolleroftheCurrency(OC C);thesearereferredtoas“NationalBanks”;andalsothestates-charteredbankswhichreceivetheircharterfromthesuperintendenttoas“StateBanks”.Banksareallowedtoregistereitherwiththefederalorthestateauthority.LetusnowlookattheorganizationalstructureofCommercialBanks,whichincludeunitbanking,groupbankingandbranchbanking. Themaincharacteristicofunitbankingisthatitcanoperateonlyasinglefullservicebankfromasinglelocation.Unitbankinginstitutionsarenotallowedtohavebranchnetworks.However,unitbankingdoesnotnecessarilyhavetobesmall.Infact,manyunitbanksarequitelarge. Groupbankingreferstobankingoperationsconductedbyacorporationowningmorethanonebank.Thegroupbankingsystemusuallyexistsinthestateswherebranchbankingisprohibited. Asforbranching,itissometimesreferredto“limitedbranching”or“statesidebranching”.Limitedbranchingallowsbanktooperatebrancheswithingeographicterritoriesauthorizedbythestatelaw.Statesidebranchingimpliesthatbankbranchesareallowedtooperateanywherewithinthestate.NewYorkState,California,FloridaandsomeothersarestatesidebranchbankingareaswhichMinnesota,Arkansas,lowerandothersarelimitedbranchingareas. IntheUnitedStates,therearealsospecializedbanksincludingtheEdgeActBanks,theinternationalBankingFacility,thebankers’banks,thesavingbanks,thesavingsandloansassociations,thecreditunionsandgovernmentownedandtheRealEstateInvestmentTrust(TEIT). Therearealsonon-bankfinancialinstitutionsintheUSA,includingthesecuritiesfirms,theleasingandcommercialfinancecompanies,themortgagebankersandtheRealEstateInvestmentTrust(REIT). LetusnowlookattheFederalSystem.CommonlyknownastheFederalReserveBankorthe“Fed”,thisistheCentralBankoftheUnitedStatesfoundedin1913.ItdeterminesthereserverequirementwithinlimitssetbytheUSCongress.ThefunctionoftheFediseconomicstabilizationthroughthemanagementofthenation’smoneysupply.TheFederalReserveSystemcomprisesaboardofgovernorswith7membersstationedinWashington D.CReserveBanks,includingBoston，NewYorkCity,DallasandSanFrancisco. TheFederalReserveAct(FR A)1913setoutthepowersoftheFedwhich,ontopoftheregularcentralbank’sobjectives,emphasizethefollowing. i.ManagingthemonetarysystemandmoneysupplyoftheUSA; ii.Providingfundsasthelenderoflastreport; iii.Providingforanefficientcherubclearingsystem; iiii.Providingarigorousbankingsupervisionsystem. Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?()
A.National Banks in the USA refers to “State Banks”. B.The group banking system usually exists in the states where branch banking is prohibited. C.Stateside branching implies that bank branches are allowed to operate anywhere within the state. D.Limited branching allows bank to operate branches within geographic territories authorized by the state law.正确答案A
