Nonverbal Communication When we think of communication, we normally think of using words — talking face to face, writing messages and so on. But in fact, we communicate far more in other ways. Our eyes and facial expressions usually tell the truth even when our words do not. Then there are gestures, often unconscious: raising the eyebrows, rubbing the nose, shrugging the shoulders, tapping the fingers, nodding and shaking the head. There is also the even more subtle "body language" of posture. Are you sitting — or standing — with arms or legs crossed? Is that person standing with hands in pockets, held in front of the body or hidden behind? Even the way we dress and colours we wear communicate things to others. So, do animals communicate? Not in words, although a parrot might be trained to repeat words and phrases which it doesn't understand. But, as we have learnt, there is more to communication than words. Take dogs for example. They bare their teeth to warn, wag their tails to welcome and stand firm, with hair erect（竖起）to challenge. These signals are surely canine（犬的）equivalent of the human body language of facial expression, gesture and posture. Colour can be an important means of communication for animals. Many birds and fish changes colours, for example, to attract partners during the mating（交配）season. And mating itself is commonly preceded by a special dance in which both partners participate. Here again, there are striking similarities to youngsters who dress up to meet partners at discotheques（迪斯科舞厅）, where the music is often too loud for verbal communication. Communication there takes place through appearance and movements. The most elaborate（复杂的）dances in the animal kingdom are those which bees use to communicate. With body movements alone they can tell other bees the direction and distance of a newly discovered food source. All these examples may suggest instinctive rather than intelligent communication. But human body language is largely instinctive, too. And, in many ways, body language says far more than intelligent, verbal communication ever can.Decide which answer best completes the following statements according to the information in the passage. l. Body language includes( ).
A.facial expressions B.gestures C.postures D.all of the above正确答案D
