求下列微分方程的通解:
(1)ydy=xdx;
(2)ydx=xdy;
(3)(x+xy2)dx+(y-x2y)dy=0;
(4)dy/dx=ex+y;
(5)xy′-ylny=0;
(6)cosxsinydx+sinxcosydy=0;
(7)sec2xtanydx+sec2ytanxdy=0;
(8)(ex+y-ez)dx+(ex+y+ey)dy=0.
(1)ydy=xdx 两边积分得:∫ydy=∫xdx 即:(1/2)y2=(1/2)x2+C ∴y=x2+C (2)ydx=xdy dx/x=dy/y ∫(1/x)dx=∫(1/x)dy ∴In∣x∣=In∣y∣+C 即:y=Cx (3)(x+xy2)dx+(y-x2y)dy=0 x(1+y2)dx+y(1-x2)dy=0 x/(1-x2)dx+[y/(1+y2)]dy=0 y/(1-y2)dy=x/(x2-1)dx ∴∫[y/(1-y2)]dy=ln(x2-1)dx ∴In(1+y2)=ln(x2-1)+C ∴y2=C(x2-1)-1 即1+y2=C(x2-1) (4)dy/dx=ex+y e-ydy=exdx ∫e-ydy=∫exdx -e-y=exdy+C ∴e-y+e-y=C (5)xy′-ylny=0 ∴dy/ylny=dx/x 两边积分得: In(lny)=lnx+C ∴lny=Cx y=ecx (6)cosxsinydx+sinxcosydy=0 ∴-(cosx/sinx)dx=(cosy/siny)dy ∫[-(cosx/sinx)dx]=∫(cosy/siny)dy -In(sinx)=In(siny)+C ∴1/sinx=Csiny ∴sinx•siny=C (7)sec2x•tanydx+sec2ytanxdy=0 ∴(sec2x/tanx)dx=-(sec2y/tany)dy dx/sinxcosx=-(dy/cosysiny) ∫dx/sinxcosx =-∫dy/cosysiny ∫dsinx/[sinx(1-sin2x)] =-∫dsinx/[siny(1-sin2y)] tanxtany=C (8)(ex+y-ex)dx+(ex+y+ey)dy=0 ∴[ex/(ex+1)]dx=-[ey/(ey+1)]dy 两边积分得: ln(1+ex) =-ln(1+ey)+C ∴(ex+1)(ey-1)=C