试问当λ为何值时,方程组
{-2x1+x2+x3=1,
{x1-2x2+x3=2λ,
{x1+x2-2x3=λ2
有解?并求出它的通解.
对方程组的增广矩阵进行初等行变换得 (-2 1 1 1 1 -2 1 2λ 1 1 -2 λ2) → (1 1 -2 λ2 -2 1 1 1 1 -2 1 2λ) → (1 1 -2 λ2 0 3 -3 2λ2+1 0 -3 3 2λ-λ2) → (1 1 -2 λ2 0 1 -1 (2λ2+1)/3 0 0 0 (λ+1)2) → (1 0 -1 (λ2-1)/3 0 1 -1 (2λ2+1)/3 0 0 0 (λ+1)2) 若λ=-1,最后一行对应方程为0x1+0x2+0x3=(λ+1)2≠0 所以方程组无解 若λ=-1,原方程组化简为 {x1-x3 =0 {x2-x3 =1 通解为 {x1 =x1 {x2 =x3+1