若方程组
(121
23α+2
1α-2)
(x1
x2
x3)
=
(1
3
0)
有无穷多解,求常数α.
对方程组的增广矩阵作初等行变换 (A,β)= (1 2 1 ┆ 1 2 3 α+2 ┆ 3 1 α -2 ┆ 0) → (1 2 1 ┆ 1 0 -1 α ┆ 1 0 α-2 -3 ┆ -1) → (1 2 1 ┆ 1 0 -1 α ┆ 1 0 0 (α-3)(α+1) ┆ α-3) 因为方程组有无穷多解,故r(A)=r(A,β)<3,只有α=3时,才有r(A)=r(A,β)=2<3,故当α≠3时,方程组有无穷多解.