α,b取何值时,方程组
{x1+2x2=3
{4x1+7x2+x3=10
{x2-x3=b
{2x1+3x2+αx3=4
无解、有唯一解、有无穷多个解.
增广矩阵(A,β)= (1 2 0 ┆ 3 4 7 1 ┆ 10 0 1 -1 ┆ b 2 3 α ┆ 4) → (1 2 0 ┆ 3 0 -1 1 ┆ -2 0 1 1 ┆ 6 0 -1 α ┆ -2) → (1 2 0 ┆ 3 0 -1 1 ┆ -2 0 0 0 ┆ b-2 0 0 α-1 ┆ 0) → (1 2 0 ┆ 3 0 -1 1 ┆ -2 0 0 α-1 ┆ 0 0 0 0 ┆ b-2) b≠2时方程组无解,b=2时方程组有解. (1)b=2,α≠1时,r(A)=r(A,β)=3,方程组有唯一解. (A,β)→ (1 0 0 ┆ -1 0 -1 0 ┆ -2 0 0 1 ┆ 0 0 0 0 ┆ 0) → (1 0 0 ┆ -1 0 1 0 ┆ 2 0 0 1 ┆ 0 0 0 0 ┆ 0) 所以x1=-1,x2=2,x3=0,即其唯一解为ξ=(-1,2,0)T. (2)b=2,α=1时,r(A)=r(A,β)=2<3,方程组有无穷多个解. (A,β)→ (1 2 0 ┆ 3 0 1 1 ┆ 1-2 0 0 0 ┆ 0 0 0 0 ┆ 0) → (1 0 2 ┆ -1 0 1 -1 ┆ 2 0 0 0 ┆ 0 0 0 0 ┆ 0), 令x为自由未知量,取x3=0,得原方程组的一个特解ξ*=(-1,2,0)T,其导出组的基础解 系为ξ1=(-2,1,1)T,所以原方程组的通解为ξ=ξ*+kξ1(k为任意常数).