求下列各组平面的夹角:
(1)π1:x+2y-4z+1=0与π2:x/4+y/2-z-3=0;
(2)π1:x-7y+21z-7=0与π2:7x-2y-z=0;
(3)π1:2x-y-2z-5=0与π2:x+3y-z-1=0.
(1)平面π1与π2的法向量分别为n1={1,2,-4}和n2={1/4,1/2,-1}, 易知n2=(1/4)n1,即n1∥n2.于是平面π1和π2互相平行,即夹角θ=0. (2)平面π1与π2的法向量分别为n1={1,-7,2 1)和n=(7,-2,1),设平面π与π2的夹角为θ,则 cosθ=|n1•n2|/|n1||n2|=|1•7+(-7)•(-2)+21•(-1)|/√12+(-7)+212•√72+(-2)+(-1)2=0 于是θ=π/2. (3)平面π1与π2的法向量分别为 n1={2,-1,-2)和n2={1,3,-1), 设平面π1与π2的夹角为θ,则 cosθ=|n1•n2|/|n1||n2|=|2•1+(-1)•3+(-2)•(-1)|/√22+(-1)2+(-2)2•√12+32+(-1)2 于是θ=arccos√11/33.