求下列微分方程的通解:
(1)y′′=x+sinx;
(2)y′′=lnx/x2;
(3)y′′=1+(y′)2;
(4)y′′=y′+x;
(5)xy′′+y′=0;
(6)y′′=(y′)3+y′
(1)对方程两边积两次分得: y′=(1/2)2-cosx+C y=(1/6)x3-sinx+C1x+C2 (2)对方程两边积两次分得: y′=-(1/x)lnx-1/x+C1 y=-(1/2)ln2x-lnx+C1x+C2 (3)令y′=p,得: P′=p2 P=-1/(x+C) 运用常数变易法令p=-1/(x+(Cx)) 则:y=ln∣cos(x+C1)I+C2 (4)令y′=P,得: p′=p+x 先解P′=p得p=C1ex 再利用常数变易法令P=u(x)ex 则u′(x)ex+u(x)ex=u(x)ex+x ∴u(x)=(-x-1)e-x+C1 ∴p=C1ex-x-1 ∴y=C1ex-(1/2)x2-x+C2 (5)令p=y′得 xp′+P=0 得:P=z/x ∴y=C1In∣x∣+C2 (6)令P=y′得: P′=p3+p ∴dp=p(1+p2)dx ∴dp/[p/(1+p2)=dx ∴[1/p-p/(1+p2)]dp=dx ∴lnp-(1/2)ln(1+p2)=x+C 即:p/√(1+p2)=exc ∴p=cex/√1-ce2x ∴y=arcsin(C2ex)+C1