把对坐标的曲线积分∫LP(x,y)dx+Q(x,y)dy化成对弧长的曲线积分,其中L为:
(1)在Oxy面内沿直线从点(0,0)到点(1,1);
(2)沿抛物线y=x2从点(0,0)到点(1,1);
(3)沿上半圆周x2+y2=2x从点(0,0)到点(1,1).
(1)L1的方向余弦为 cosα=cosβ=cos(π/4)=1/√2, 因此 ∫L1P(x,y)dx+Q(x,y)dy=∫L11/√2[P(x,y)+Q(x,y)]ds (2)ds=(√1+yx2)dx=√1+4x2dx, cosα=dx/dS=1/√1+4x2 则 cosβ=sinα=√1-cos2α=√1-1/(1+4x2)=2x/√4x2 因此 ∫L2P(x,y)dx+Q(x,y)dy=∫L2Pcosα+Qcosβ)ds =∫L21/√1+4x2[P(x,y)+2xQ(x,y)]ds (3)ds=√1+y2x=√1+(√2x-x2)′2dx=1/√2x-x2dx, cosα=dx/ds=√2x-x2 则 cosβ=sinα=√1-cos2α=√1-(2x-x2)=1-x, 因此, ∫L3P(x,y)dx+Q(x,y)dy=∫L3[P√2x-x2+Q(1-x)]ds.